Liquid-cooled electric machine



Mar. 13, 1923.

1,448,700 M. SEDNER LIQUID cooLED ELECTRIC MACHINE Filed Mar. 15, 1919 2 sheets-sheet 2 ////////////L\ sa 9 HSM. bs.

-Wf es55- [m/m;

M0216/ Seit/7267' citizen otHungar utcat Budapest,

Patented Mu. 13, 1923.

MICHAEL SEIDNEB, F BUDAPEST, UNGBY.

LIQUID-COOLER ELECTBEC MACHINE.

Application led Ear-ch 18, 1919. Serial No. 283,442.

To alt whomzt may concern.'

' Be it known that I, MioHAnjL SnmNnR, a residing at Zsigmond p un ary, have invented certam new and use ul Improvements in Liquid-Cooled Electric Machines (for which I have filed `applications in Germany De- Cember 29, 1917, Patent No. 337,561; in'

Hungary, April 17, 1919, application Number S. 9495; and in Switzerland September ,4, 1919, application Number 13%), of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to new and useful improvements in liquid-cooled electric machines.

The primary object of m invention is to eliminate the disturbing e ect of the rotor or rotating member caused on the one hand by the centrifugal force, and on the other hand by the relative motion between the rol tor orvrotating member and the stator or stationary member.

Another object of m invention is to ro.-v

vide means which wil make liquid-coo ing poible `for both members of high-speed electric machines, or for the outer member of such machines, hitherto it being only possible to cool the armature of such machinesby means of liquid by fitting the whole armature with a liquid-tight enclosure.

- A further important object of the invention resides in the provision of a very eilicacious direct cooling of the conductors or windings by conducting the cooling liquid along the conductors or windings in .immediate contact with the same.

With these objects in view, the invention consists of certain new combinations and arrangements oi parts which will enable each of the two members of the machine to carry its own cooling liquid individually so that the liquid cooling the one member cannot strike on the other member, as hereinafter fully described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanyingzdrawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical ,axial or longitudinal section of a turbogenerator embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical axial or longitudinal section of a turbogenerator showing a modified form oi my invention. 'F igs. 3,

21, 5, 6 and .7 are detail sectional views showing how the cooling liquid may be led within the insulations of the windings or conductors in immediate Contact with the latter. Sindicateshow the iron cere may be lmagnet-core by a liquid medium.

provided with axial borings for the passage of the cooling liquid, and with slots for the reception of the windings. Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal or axial section of a solid rotor-body showing a preferred einbodiment of the invention: Fig. 10 is a vertical transversal section of the saine rotorbody. Figs. 11 and 12 show details in a larger scale to illustrate the arrangement of directly cooled windings in the slots of a laminated stationary member within pipes preventing the escape of the liquid between the laminations.

Similar reference numbers refer to'similar parts throughout the several gures.

1' am aware that, in the early art of the manufacture of electric machines, ithas been proposed to pass coolin liquid through 'the solid coresbf both g the stationary and the rotating member. `'l am also aware of propositions having been made to cool the back or the end surfaces of the stationary My present invention is, however, entirely differentiated from these known constructions' which provide a mere local vcooling of a few parts easily accessible vto the liquid medium, in that my 'invention relates to `the substitution of the entire Ventilating arrangement particular Aespecially with large dynamo electric machines and affecting also the conductors or windings embedded in the iron cores. To provide such thorough liquidcooling as by air-ventilation of all parts, and especially the predominant heat-sources, of an electric machine was not, hitherto, ossible but for the inner member of the machine, whereas the present invention affords means which will enable the outer member, too, or both members to be cooled by means of liquid in the same way as by air-ventilation.

Referring now to Fig. 1, the usual side shields 1 and 2 of fthe stationary member, one on each side of the machine, are connected by a tube 3 tightly fastened on the inner periphery of said shields and pass ing through the air-gap between rotor and stator. is fitted asa mantle over the rotor, forming with disks 7 andV 8 fitting over lthe shaft parts 5 and 6, a liquid-tight enclosure for the whole rotor. In this way, the rotating as well as the stationary member each are formed as an individual tightly closed AV second tube l4 within -`the former lll@ ing medium.

The liquid-filled inner space ofthe stator casing or shell is divided by partitions 61 arranged in alinement with the end disks 11, 12 and protruding inwardly from the outer mantle 62 of the casing or shell, into the annular chambers 22, 51 and 23. The bottom of the front chamber 22 is provided with an inlet 49 to supply fresh cooling liquid, and the top of the middle chamber 5l is provided with an outlet 52 for the escape of the heated medium. In the partition between the lmiddle chamber 51 and the back chamber 23. a passage 50 is formed at the bottom.

Inlet and outlet passages member are created by axial borings 53 an( 56 of the spindles 5 and 6, respectively, each axial boring communicating through radial` borings 54, with the end chambers 24, 25 of the rotor-shell.

The coil heads or ends 18 and 19 of the stator as well as those 20 and 21 ofthe rotor being placed in the spaces 22. 23 and 24, 25, respectively, filled with cooling liquid, they are cooled in a very effective manner. For the purpose of cooling the iron cores 13 and 26, these are formed with axial notches 27, 28, 29, borings 30, longitudinal holes 31 etc. (Fig. 8), or with gaps 33 (Fig. 1) running perpendicularly to the shaft, through which the cooling medium is led from the one liquid-filled space to the other.

In order to let the cooling liquid come for the rotating Vinto direct contact with the windings 34 and 35, the latter are arranged in the slots 36 and 37 of the iron cores so as to allow the free passage of the cooling liquid. Such passage may be aiorded by suitable grooves 27, 28 in the slots 38 (Fig. 8), slots or openings 39, 40 in the conductor material itself (Figs. 3 and 4), pipes 41 inserted between the conductors. within the insulation (Fig. 6), interstices 42, 43 and 44 between the several conductors `laced wighin the slot insulation (Figs. 5, 7, and 12 Machines with an air-gap not wide enough for the reception of the two tubes 3 and 4, or in which the diameter of the rotating member would become too large on account of the very high circumferential speed, may have, instead of a sole tube for the rotor and stator extending over the whole length of the machine, two such tubes extending only over the coil heads. Such arrangement is shown in Fig. 2; the inner edges of the` tubes 9 and 10, which are used instead of the sole tube 3 (Fig. v1), are

tightlv itted to the end disks 11 and 12 of the stator body 13.

The rotor ends may be closed in the same manner by tubes fitted on the one hand to the disks and 8 (Fig. 1) and on the other hand to the end disks 14 and 15 of the rotor-y body, or, as illustrated in Fig. 2, by hood- 1 The latter have,

.48 are made of sages mesmo like shields 16 and 17. It is understood that the tubes 9 and 10 may be made wlth the end shields 1 and 2, respectively, of one solid piece. rIhe Various vorms Just described may also be combined 'for the stationary and rotating member as desired.

In order to allow the cooling liquid to be led from the one space 24 into the other 25 without escaping between or through 'the o )en slots, when only en shields are used, Il furnish the axial slots or openings of the iron core with a lining of pipes 45, 46,- 47, 48 connecting the end spaces of liquid with one another and tightly `fitted into the end disks 14 and 15. for this purpose, closed slots, even though the iron cores have open slots. In Figs. 11 and 12, this arrangement can be seen on a largerscale in connection with the stationary member. The pipes 46, metal, or, if necessary, o some suitable insulating material. All variations represented by Figs. 3 to 7 may be used with this arrangement.

The course of the cooling medium through the machine is the following. In the stator: inlet 49, space 22, axial openings of the laminations, space 23, passage 50, space 51, gaps 33, outlet 52. In the rotor shaft borings 53 and 54, space 24, axial slots and openings of the iron body, space 25, shaft borings 55' and 56. The liquid leaving the machine is led into a cooling apparatus before beingused again.

In Figs. 9 and 10,11 have shown a solid rotating member of a turbogenerator having its end spaces for the cooling liquid closed by the shaft-anges 57, 58. Besides, the slots 60 for the windings 59 are constructed as closed borings of the iron body which, if interstices are provided between the several conductors or between these and the slot walls, may be used without more ado as pasfor the liquid cooling medium so that the insertion of particular pipes, as in Figs. 11 and 12, becomes superfluous.,4

JIt is understood that, instead?l of an integral casing, each of the two embers of the machine may be furnished wit-ifilftwo or more separate casings or shells without departing from the spirit of the invention. Moreover, although I have shown the casings containing the cooling liquid so as to'embrace the whole stationary or rotating member, I do not wish to be limited to'this simple and preferred embodiment of the invention, but the liquid-filled casing or several casings may, if desired, embrace only such particular parts ofthe one or other member, elusive of the pertinent a more intensive cooling. r

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a liquid-cooled electric machine conthe laminations sisting of a rotatable and a stationary member bothv with windings, means to form 1i uid-tight inclosures for each member individually embracing also the windings, a li uid cooling medium in said inclosures, eac member having its own secluding walls for its liquid-containing spaces in front of the other member so asf to prohibit the liquid medium cooling,the one member; from coming into contact with the inclosure or any part of the other member.

2. In a liquid-cooled electric machine consisting of a rotor and a stator both with windings, the combination of a non-laminated rotor formed as a shell, and adaptedto have cooling liquid passed therethrough in proximity,` to the windings to carry olf the heat produced by the current in the latter, with stationary means to form a liquidftight inclosure embracing5 the stator together with its windings, said stator having its own secluding walls for its liquid-containing spaces in front of the adjacent periphery of the rotor so as to prohibit the liquid coo ing the stator from coming into contact with the rotor.

3. In a turbogenerator, the combination ofy a solid rotor-core carrying its windings in closed longitudinal ducts, flanged shafts attached to said rotor-core at both ends thereof, their flanges covering the end-connections of the windings, shaft-ducts forming inlet and outlet passages for-a liquid cooling medium, recesses on the inner surface of the flanges for the reception and distribution of the cooling liquid in contact with the end-connections of the winding which only partly fill said longitudinal ducts of the rotor-core to establish communication for the cooling liquid between said recesses, with sta tionary means to form a liquid-tight inclosure embracing the stator together with'its windings and having its own peripheral walls in front of the adjacent periphery of the rotor so as to prohibit the liquid cooling the stator from coming into contact with the rotor.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

MICHAEL SE-IDNER.

PAULA MILER, l 

